What energy transformation occurs during photosynthesis in chloroplasts?

• A. Light energy to chemical energy.
• B. Chemical energy to light energy.
• C. Thermal energy to chemical energy.
• D. Electrical energy to kinetic energy.

Answer: (A)

Photosynthesis in chloroplasts transforms light energy into chemical energy. Chlorophyll and other pigments absorb sunlight and drive reactions that produce energy carriers like ATP and NADPH. Those carriers power the Calvin cycle, which builds sugars from carbon dioxide and water. The outcome is energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose and related molecules, not light, heat, or motion. So the essential idea is that light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy stored in organic molecules.