What term describes differences in traits among individuals within a population?

• A. Mutation
• B. Genetic variation
• C. Selection
• D. Adaptation

Answer: (B)

Differences in traits among individuals within a population come from genetic variation. This means there are different versions of genes (alleles) that people or organisms can inherit, so individuals don’t all look or behave the same. Sources of this variation include mutations, which can introduce new alleles, and the way genes are recombined and passed on during reproduction. This variety is the raw material natural selection acts on, shaping which traits become more common over time depending on how well they help organisms survive and reproduce in their environment.

Understanding the other terms helps: a mutation is a change in DNA that can create new variation, not the overall differences you see among many individuals. Selection is the process that influences which traits persist based on environmental pressures. An adaptation is a trait that helps an organism survive; it’s often the outcome of selection acting on existing variation.